Shoreline Delineation from Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR)Imagery for High and Low Tidal States in Data-Deficient Niger Delta Region

Abstract: Satellite image analysis is a potentially powerful tool for monitoring coastal shoreline positions. This study explores the use of multi-temporal, dual-polarised Sentinel-1 GRD synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery with a spatial resolution of 10 m for delineating shorelines. It was conducted in a data-deficient and complex environment (the Niger delta of Nigeria), in a developing country with a cloud-heavy climate. The study focuses on exploring and testing the capability of using multitemporal waterlines from SAR images to derive shoreline positions at high and low tidal states. From 54 Sentinel-1 images recorded in 2017, the study selected 12 images to represent both high and low tidal states. These were spread across the wet and dry seasons in order to account for seasonal differences. Shoreline positions were obtained by identifying the land–water boundary via segmentation using histogram-minimum thresholding, vectorizing and smoothing that boundary, and averaging its position over multiple waterlines. The land–water segmentation had an overall accuracy of 95–99%. It showed differences between wet and dry season shoreline positions in areas dominated by complex creek networks, but similarities along open coasts. The SAR-derived shorelines deviated from the reference lines by a maximum of 43 m (approximately four pixels), and often less than 10 m (one pixel) in most locations (open coast, estuarine, complex creek networks) at high and low tides, except low tide lines in areas with extensive inter-tidal flats at shorelines 70 m to 370 m from the reference lines. However, for applications such as coastal vulnerability assessment, the high tide shoreline is of greater importance. Thus, depending on the application of interest, problems with low tide shoreline delineation may be irrelevant. Despite limitations, notably the relatively small number of images available that were recorded at high or low tide, the method provides a simple, objective, and cost-effective approach to monitoring shorelines at high and low tide.

Author(s): Emmanuel Chigozie Dike, Abiodun Kolawole Oyetunji and Chiemela Victor Amaechi

Date Published: July 31, 2023

Depositing User: Jawad Ali

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11081528

Keywords: shoreline delineation; synthetic aperture radar (SAR); backscatter; thresholding; vectorizing; positional accuracy; coastal data; Niger Delta

Pages: 1-23

Place of publication: Switzerland

Publication title: Journal of Marine Science and Engineering

Published URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/11/8/1528

Publisher: MDPI

Subject(s): Multidisciplinary Approaches to Sustainable Construction, Marine, Coastal Development

Type of publication: Journal